story first appeared in Wall Street Journal
AMF Bowling Worldwide Inc., the world's largest operator of bowling alleys, filed for bankruptcy-court protection Tuesday after being squeezed by a cash crunch and failing to find a buyer for its business.
The filing marks AMF's second trip through bankruptcy since 2001. The company, which employs 7,000 people, has struggled with both a heavy debt load and a shift in the sport.
The bowling industry has been in flux for decades. Once largely a blue-collar pastime dominated by leagues, it has shifted to a sport aimed at middle-class players, who seek amenities and attractive facilities and are generally averse to joining the teams that provide bowling alleys with steady income.
Tom Clark, the commissioner of the Professional Bowlers Association, said that even as the number of people bowling at least once a year is at a high of about 70 million, only about two million are competing regularly in leagues.
AMF, which sold off its bowling alleys overseas in a previous restructuring, operates 262 bowling centers in the U.S. Small chains and mom-and-pop operators now dominate the industry, which includes more than 5,000 bowling alleys.
AMF said that it would have upgraded its facilities to cater to today's bowlers, but the economic downturn reduced its revenue, thwarting its plans. The company does have nine bowling centers with lounges and modern décor, a response to competitors like Lucky Strike, a chain of upscale bowling centers with a dress code.
Facing what it called "unmanageable" debt levels, AMF began searching for a buyer last year. After an unsuccessful hunt, it instead began reaching out to creditors to discuss a restructuring.
The deal, which will be subject to bankruptcy-court approval, calls for AMF to exit Chapter 11 under the ownership of its senior lenders, subject to rival bids at a court-overseen auction. Either way, the lenders, which are owed more than $216 million, would see their claims paid in full.
AMF said it expects to emerge from bankruptcy protection within the next five months. Steve Satterwhite, AMF's chief financial officer and chief operating officer, said they'd be recapitalizing their balance sheet and reducing debt.
AMF, which said it hosts more than 20 million bowlers a year, said its financial troubles are tied to the bowling industry's shift to open play from leagues. It also attracted fewer bowlers during the economic downturn, which slashed revenue while the company's fixed costs remained high.
Tuesday's bankruptcy filing came about a week after AMF defaulted on its debt obligations, according to Standard & Poor's.To ensure its uninterrupted operations while it restructures, AMF won court approval Tuesday afternoon to tap $35 million of a $50 million bankruptcy loan from some of its existing senior lenders, a group led by Credit Suisse .
The Mechanicsville, Va., company reported assets and debts that were each in the range of $100 million to $500 million in its bankruptcy petition, which court papers show was filed with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Richmond, Va.
In 1996, Goldman Sachs Group Inc. led a $1.37 billion leveraged buyout of AMF from Richmond, Va., businessman William Goodwin. The firm went public in November 1997 but was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange three years later.
AMF first sought Chapter 11 protection in July 2001 to address declining revenue and its acquisition of 260 additional bowling centers, which the company said it struggled to manage. AMF emerged from bankruptcy protection the following year under the ownership of its secured lenders, though it quickly sought a new owner.
Chicago private-equity firm Code Hennessy & Simmons bought the bowling company in a $670 million deal and presided over what AMF called a "simplify and transform" strategy that involved shedding foreign assets and installing new management. According to the company, its financial results showed improvements between 2005 and 2008.
Steve Johnson, executive director of the Bowling Proprietors' Association of America, said the bowling industry has been making a comeback in recent years.
Tom Clark, the commissioner of the Professional Bowlers Association, said that even as the number of people bowling at least once a year is at a high of about 70 million, only about two million are competing regularly in leagues.
AMF, which sold off its bowling alleys overseas in a previous restructuring, operates 262 bowling centers in the U.S. Small chains and mom-and-pop operators now dominate the industry, which includes more than 5,000 bowling alleys.
AMF said that it would have upgraded its facilities to cater to today's bowlers, but the economic downturn reduced its revenue, thwarting its plans. The company does have nine bowling centers with lounges and modern décor, a response to competitors like Lucky Strike, a chain of upscale bowling centers with a dress code.
Facing what it called "unmanageable" debt levels, AMF began searching for a buyer last year. After an unsuccessful hunt, it instead began reaching out to creditors to discuss a restructuring.
The deal, which will be subject to bankruptcy-court approval, calls for AMF to exit Chapter 11 under the ownership of its senior lenders, subject to rival bids at a court-overseen auction. Either way, the lenders, which are owed more than $216 million, would see their claims paid in full.
AMF said it expects to emerge from bankruptcy protection within the next five months. Steve Satterwhite, AMF's chief financial officer and chief operating officer, said they'd be recapitalizing their balance sheet and reducing debt.
AMF, which said it hosts more than 20 million bowlers a year, said its financial troubles are tied to the bowling industry's shift to open play from leagues. It also attracted fewer bowlers during the economic downturn, which slashed revenue while the company's fixed costs remained high.
Tuesday's bankruptcy filing came about a week after AMF defaulted on its debt obligations, according to Standard & Poor's.To ensure its uninterrupted operations while it restructures, AMF won court approval Tuesday afternoon to tap $35 million of a $50 million bankruptcy loan from some of its existing senior lenders, a group led by Credit Suisse .
The Mechanicsville, Va., company reported assets and debts that were each in the range of $100 million to $500 million in its bankruptcy petition, which court papers show was filed with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Richmond, Va.
In 1996, Goldman Sachs Group Inc. led a $1.37 billion leveraged buyout of AMF from Richmond, Va., businessman William Goodwin. The firm went public in November 1997 but was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange three years later.
AMF first sought Chapter 11 protection in July 2001 to address declining revenue and its acquisition of 260 additional bowling centers, which the company said it struggled to manage. AMF emerged from bankruptcy protection the following year under the ownership of its secured lenders, though it quickly sought a new owner.
Chicago private-equity firm Code Hennessy & Simmons bought the bowling company in a $670 million deal and presided over what AMF called a "simplify and transform" strategy that involved shedding foreign assets and installing new management. According to the company, its financial results showed improvements between 2005 and 2008.
Steve Johnson, executive director of the Bowling Proprietors' Association of America, said the bowling industry has been making a comeback in recent years.
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